Security deposits and landlord walkthroughs are two of the most critical parts of moving out of a rental property. Whether you’re moving or simply want to avoid unnecessary deductions, understanding how these processes work can save you hundreds or even thousands of dollars. This guide breaks down everything you need to know, from preparing for your walkthrough to protecting yourself with documentation. It also explains how to ensure your security deposit is returned in full. If you’re planning a move, especially with a professional service like United Local Movers, this information will help you enter your next home confidently and stress-free.
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Understanding What a Security Deposit Actually Covers
Most tenants know they paid a security deposit, but few fully understand what it’s legally allowed to cover. In most states, a security deposit is designed to protect the landlord against damage beyond normal wear and tear. It cannot be used to patch simple nail holes, repaint purely for aesthetic updates, or fix small scuffs that occur from ordinary living. Yet many renters still lose part of their deposit simply because they don’t understand their rights or don’t prepare properly before move-out.
Here’s a breakdown of what security deposits typically cover:
| Covered | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Major damage | Broken doors, cracked tiles, damaged walls or appliances |
| Excessive filth | Deep cleaning required due to neglect |
| Unapproved alterations | Patching holes from shelves, repainting bold colors, etc. |
| Unpaid rent | Landlords may deduct overdue rent or fees |
And here’s what landlords cannot legally charge for:
| Not Allowed | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Normal wear and tear | Minor scratches, faded paint, loose handles |
| Upgrades | Landlords can’t charge you for standard renovations |
| Damage caused before your tenancy | If you documented it at move-in, you’re protected |
Before your move, compare your rental’s current condition with your move-in documentation. If you didn’t document everything earlier, don’t worry — a thorough move-out preparation can still protect your deposit.
What a Landlord Walkthrough Really Is — and Why It Matters
A landlord walkthrough (also called a move-out inspection) is the landlord’s opportunity to evaluate the rental’s condition before returning your security deposit. While not required in every state, it is standard practice and incredibly important for tenants who want to avoid unfair charges.
There are two types of walkthroughs:
- Pre-move-out walkthrough: A preview inspection allowing you to fix issues before you leave.
- Final walkthrough: The official inspection that determines how much of your deposit is returned.
A pre-move-out walkthrough is especially valuable because the landlord must tell you exactly what needs to be corrected. If you address those issues, they cannot deduct them later. Tenants who skip this step often lose part of their deposit unnecessarily.
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How to Prepare for a Walkthrough and Avoid Deductions
Preparation is everything. Even small details like cleaning appliances or removing adhesive hooks can make a huge difference in your final deposit return. The goal is to leave the property as close to its original condition as possible.
Use this complete move-out preparation checklist:
- Patch nail and screw holes if required by your lease.
- Clean all surfaces including countertops, baseboards, and windows.
- Vacuum and mop all floors.
- Scrub kitchen appliances including fridge, oven, and microwave.
- Clean bathroom grout, tiles, tub, and toilet.
- Replace burnt-out light bulbs.
- Remove all trash and personal items.
- Wipe down cabinets inside and out.
- Repair minor damage such as loose handles or screen tears.
- Return keys, garage openers, and access cards.
Before the landlord arrives, take your own photos and videos showing the condition of each room. Record timestamps if possible. This documentation becomes extremely valuable if there are any disputes about deductions.
Hiring a professional moving company like United Local Movers can also help prevent damage during the move-out process. Movers are trained to navigate tight spaces, protect walls and floors, and transport belongings safely, which significantly reduces the risk of deductions related to moving damage.
Understanding “Normal Wear and Tear” vs. “Damage”
The biggest disputes over security deposits typically involve misunderstandings about “normal wear and tear.” Legally, landlords cannot deduct for normal aging or light usage. However, the definition varies slightly by state, so it’s helpful to know the general standards.
Here’s a simple comparison:
| Normal Wear and Tear | Damage (Tenant Responsible) |
|---|---|
| Faded paint | Large stains or holes in walls |
| Worn carpet in high-traffic areas | Pet urine, severe carpet burns |
| Minor scuffs on floors | Deep gouges or moisture damage |
| Loose doorknobs | Broken or missing doors |
If any listed damage applies to your rental, repairing it before the landlord walkthrough will be far cheaper than allowing it to be deducted from your deposit. Landlords often charge higher contractor rates than tenants would pay on their own.
How to Protect Yourself During the Walkthrough
During the walkthrough, you should always be present. Never allow the landlord to inspect the property without you — this is one of the most common mistakes tenants make.
Protect yourself by following these steps:
- Walk with the landlord and ask them to show you any issues.
- Take photos of every area as the landlord points out concerns.
- Request written documentation or a copy of the inspection form.
- Ask whether the issue is considered “damage” or “wear and tear.”
- Request receipts or estimates for any proposed charges.
In many states, landlords must provide itemized lists of deductions within a certain number of days (usually 14–30 days). If they fail to provide this documentation, they may lose their right to withhold any portion of your deposit.
What to Do If You Disagree With Deductions
Not all landlords follow best practices, and disputes do happen. Fortunately, tenants have several rights and strategies to protect their deposit.
If you disagree with deductions:
- Request an itemized statement and receipts.
- Compare deductions with your move-in documentation.
- Send a formal written dispute letter with evidence.
- Use your state’s tenant-landlord law as reference.
- Consider small claims court if necessary.
Most disputes never reach court because landlords prefer to avoid legal fees and unfavorable judgments. Strong documentation is usually enough to resolve the issue.
Smart Steps for a Smooth and Stress-Free Move-Out
Security deposits and landlord walkthroughs don’t have to be stressful. By documenting everything, preparing the property thoroughly, understanding the difference between damage and normal wear, and being present during the inspection, you dramatically increase the chances of receiving your full refund. Pairing your move with reliable professionals like United Local Movers also reduces the risk of accidental damage on moving day. When your preparation is solid, your move-out becomes simpler, faster, and far more predictable.
